International Standards < Mekong Migration Network

International Standards

The sections below show the ratification statuses of Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam concerning select ILO conventions and human rights conventions. Last updated in October 2025.

Ratification Statuses of Select ILO Conventions

ILO C29: Forced Labour*

Burma/ Myanmar (Year of Ratification: 1955)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 1969)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

China (Year of Ratification: 2022)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Lao PDR (Year of Ratification: 1964)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 1969)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 2007)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

ILO C87: Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise*

Burma/ Myanmar (Year of Ratification: 1955)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 1999)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C98: Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining*

Burma/ Myanmar (Not Yet Ratified)

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 1999)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 2019)

ILO’s Direct Request

ILO C100: Equal Remuneration*

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 1999)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

China (Year of Ratification: 1990)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Lao PDR (Year of Ratification: 2008)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 1999)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 1997)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

ILO C105: Abolition of Forced Labour*

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 1999)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

China (Year of Ratification: 2022)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 1969)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 2020)

ILO’s Direct Request

ILO C111: Discrimination (Employment and Occupation)*

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 1999)

Observation and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

China (Year of Ratification: 2006)

Observation and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Lao PDR (Year of Ratification: 2008)

Observation and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 2017)

ILO’s Direct Request

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 1997)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

ILO C138: Minimum Age*

Burma/ Myanmar (Year of Ratification: 2020)

ILO’s Direct Request

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 1999)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

China (Year of Ratification: 1999)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Lao PDR (Year of Ratification: 2005)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 2004)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 2003)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

ILO C182: Worst Forms of Child Labour*

Burma/ Myanmar (Year of Ratification: 2013)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 2006)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

China (Year of Ratification: 2002)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Lao PDR (Year of Ratification: 2005)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 2001)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 2000)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

ILO C155: Occupational Safety and Health Convention*

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Year of Ratification: 2007)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 2025; will enter into force 10/06/2026)

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 1994)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

ILO C187: Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health*

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 2016)

ILO’s Direct Request

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 2014)

ILO’s Direct Request

ILO C97: Migration and Employment

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C143: Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions)

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C19: Equality of Treatment (Accident Compensation)

Burma/ Myanmar (Year of Ratification: 1927)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Year of Ratification: 1934)

ILO’s Direct Request

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 1968)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C118: Equality of Treatment (Social Security)

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C157: Maintenance of Social Security Rights

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C14: Weekly Rest (Industry)

Burma/ Myanmar (Year of Ratification: 1923)

ILO’s Direct Request

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Year of Ratification: 1934)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 1968)

ILO’s Direct Request

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 1994)

ILO’s Direct Request

ILO C106: Weekly Rest (Commerce and Offices)

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C183: Maternity Protection

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C156: Workers with Family Responsibilities

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C190: Violence and Harassment Convention

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C181: Private Employment Agencies

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C188: Work in Fishing

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 2019)

ILO’s Direct Request

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILOC189: Domestic Workers

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C167: Safety and Health in Construction

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Year of Ratification: 2002)

Observations and Comments on Implementation
ILO’s Direct Request

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C184: Safety and Health in Agriculture

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C129: Labour Inspection (Agriculture)

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

ILO C192: Biological Hazards in the Working Environment**

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

* : Fundamental Conventions

**:The C192 has not yet been in effect long enough for ratifications to occur.

Ratification Statuses of Select Human Rights Conventions

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 1992; signed in 1980)

Observations and Comments on Signing

China (Year of Ratification: 1998; signed but not ratified)

Lao PDR (Year of Ratification: 2009)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 1996)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 1982)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)

Burma/ Myanmar (Year of Ratification: 2017)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 1992, signed in 1980)

Observations and Comments on Signing

China (Year of Ratification: 2001)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Lao PDR (Year of Ratification: 2007)

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 1999)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 1982)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 1983)

China (Year of Ratification: 1981)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Lao PDR (Year of Ratification: 1974)

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 2003)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 1982)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT)

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 1992)

China (Year of Ratification: 1988)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Lao PDR (Year of Ratification: 2012)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 2007)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 2015)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

Burma/ Myanmar (Year of Ratification: 1991)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 1992)

China (Year of Ratification: 1992)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Lao PDR (Year of Ratification: 1991)

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 1992)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 1990)

International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of Migrant Workers and their Families (ICRMW)

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 2004; signed but not yet ratified)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)

Burma/ Myanmar (Year of Ratification: 2011)

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 2012)

China (Year of Ratification: 2008)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Lao PDR (Year of Ratification: 2009)

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 2008)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 2015)

International Convention on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (CPED)

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 2013)

China (Not yet ratified)

Lao PDR (Year of Ratification: 2008; signed but not yet ratified)

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 2024)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees

Burma/ Myanmar (Not yet ratified)

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 1992)

China (Year of Ratification: 1982)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Lao PDR (Not yet ratified)

Thailand (Not yet ratified)

Vietnam (Not yet ratified)

UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime

Burma/ Myanmar (Year of Ratification: 2004)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 2005)

China (Year of Ratification: 2003)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Lao PDR (Year of Ratification: 2003)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 2013)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 2012)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime

Burma/ Myanmar (Year of Ratification: 2004)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Cambodia (Year of Ratification: 2007)

China (Year of Ratification: 2010)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Lao PDR (Year of Ratification: 2003)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Thailand (Year of Ratification: 2013)

Observations and Comments on Implementation

Vietnam (Year of Ratification: 2012)

Observations and Comments on Implementation