{"id":472,"date":"2018-10-28T13:06:40","date_gmt":"2018-10-28T13:06:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mekongmigration.org\/?page_id=472"},"modified":"2025-10-21T17:28:30","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T09:28:30","slug":"social-protection","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?page_id=472","title":{"rendered":"Social Protection"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"472\" class=\"elementor elementor-472\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e1c077e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e1c077e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3f2f19 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"b3f2f19\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a3d2ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2a3d2ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Social Protection\u200b<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-fb0718c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fb0718c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a03e92e\" data-id=\"a03e92e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e6ad62 elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"4e6ad62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_parent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0}\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#Overview\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Overview<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#KeyMilestone\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Key Milestone<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#Initiatives\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Related Initiatives<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#Publications\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Publications<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#Resources\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Resource Hub<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b72b28b\" data-id=\"b72b28b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f887683 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"f887683\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Overview\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9854f62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"9854f62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-9854f62\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  active-caret-on responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"9854f62\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav\">\n                <ul class=\"\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"overview\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"overview-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title  title-after-icon\">Overview<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"social-protection-programs-in-thailand\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"social-protection-programs-in-thailand-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title  title-after-icon\">Social Protection Programs in Thailand<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"social-protection-programmes-in-countries-of-origin\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"social-protection-programmes-in-countries-of-origin-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title  title-after-icon\">Social Protection Programmes in Countries of Origin<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"overview-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"overview-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t        <p>Migrant workers from countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) remain insufficiently protected in terms of their life cycle needs. Impediments accessing social protection schemes, as well as the cross-border nature of migration, result in migrant workers being routinely excluded from financial protection mechanisms or denied access to entitlements.\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rather than being a drain on social protection programmes, migrants are, more often than not, a net benefit to the public purse. Arriving in destination countries as adults and often leaving before retirement age, migrants tend, on average, to be fitter, younger and more likely to be in full-time employment than their native-born peers. What is more, the trend towards migration policies based on temporary residence makes it more difficult for migrants to ever see the fruits of their contributions.<\/span><\/p><figure id=\"attachment_16964\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16964\" style=\"width: 2560px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/IMG_3522-1-scaled-1.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16964 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/IMG_3522-1-scaled-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/IMG_3522-1-scaled-1.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/IMG_3522-1-scaled-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/IMG_3522-1-scaled-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/IMG_3522-1-scaled-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/IMG_3522-1-scaled-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/IMG_3522-1-scaled-1-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16964\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A construction worker in Hanoi, Vietnam<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>MMN believes governments of destination countries and countries of origin both have a role to play in developing inclusive policies relating to social protection. Access to various forms of benefits and entitlements should be facilitated, while any barriers migrants may face when accessing social protection must be removed. Governments also need to ensure that sufficient mechanisms are in place so that migrants and their families do not incur any loss of rights and benefits throughout the migration cycle.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To enhance migrants\u2019 access to social protection programmes when they are abroad and upon returning home, MMN has conducted several pieces of research on existing social protection programmes, including healthcare and social security systems, and sought to understand the difficulties migrants face when accessing their entitlements. These findings were presented to various stakeholders in destination countries and countries of origin in an effort to inform responsible actors of areas in need of improvements, and ultimately to catalyse changes in relevant policies to shape a more inclusive social protection framework in the GMS.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t                            <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"social-protection-programs-in-thailand-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"social-protection-programs-in-thailand-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t        <p><strong>Labour Protection Act<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In principle, all individuals classified as \u201cemployees\u201d are covered under Thailand\u2019s labour laws. However, certain categories of workers are excluded. For example, agricultural workers who are not employed year-round fall outside the scope of protection. Although Thai law does not classify agricultural workers as part of the \u201cinformal sector,\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> those engaged only for limited seasonal periods are not afforded the same legal protections as other workers. This exclusion is based on distinctions in the labour laws related to the duration of employment. Additionally, domestic workers and street vendors are excluded.<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Migrant Health Insurance Scheme (MHIS)<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For those who are not covered by social security, MHIS was introduced in 1999. It covers general medical cost, including outpatient, inpatient, emergency, high-cost care at designated public hospitals.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> One of the distinguishing features of the MHIS is its accessibility; it does not require proof of a work permit or residency. While migrant workers are generally required to pay the premium themselves, employers in the fishery sector are obligated to cover the cost.<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Social Security Fund (SSF) <\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social security is open to migrant workers employed in the formal sector who entered Thailand through the bilateral Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)s on labour migration to Thailand or who have regularised their status by way of Thailand\u2019s periodically adopted Cabinet Resolutions. Employers must register their employees in the Social Security Fund (SSF) and make monthly contributions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Border pass holders are also eligible, however, it was not clarified until 2022, when the Social Security Office (SSO) issued a notification to instruct local SSO staff to enroll border pass holders.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Same as LPA, irregular migrants, migrants in temporary or seasonal employment, and migrants working as domestic workers and street vendors are excluded from the SSF.<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Workmen\u2019s Compensation Fund (WCF)<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All workers classified as employees are covered by the Workmen\u2019s Compensation Act (1994). While the Act does not obligate employers without legal entity status or those not engaged in business-related activities to contribute to the Workmen\u2019s Compensation Fund, a 2015 ruling by the Supreme Administrative Court affirmed that the Fund is intended to protect all employees equally\u2014without discrimination or categorisation.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Coverage of migrant workers in Thailand\u2019s social protection schemes<\/b><\/p><table style=\"height: 1091px; width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #9c9c9c;\" border=\"1 px\"><tbody><tr style=\"height: 78px;\"><td style=\"width: 208.438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 78px;\"><p><b>Types of Employment<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 132.844px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 78px;\"><p><b>LPA<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 44.2188px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 78px;\"><p><b>SSF<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 53.3438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 78px;\"><p><b>WCF<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 108.156px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 78px;\"><p><b>MHIS<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 133px;\"><td style=\"width: 208.438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agriculture, fishery, forestry, and livestock industries, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">employed for the whole year<\/span><\/i><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 132.844px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><b>Yes<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 44.2188px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><b>No<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 53.3438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><b>Yes<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 108.156px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><b>Yes<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 133px;\"><td style=\"width: 208.438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seasonal\/temporary work or contract work (employed less than a year)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 132.844px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><b>No<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 44.2188px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><b>No<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 53.3438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><b>Yes<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 108.156px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><b>Yes<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 50px;\"><td style=\"width: 208.438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Domestic work\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 132.844px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><b>No<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 44.2188px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><b>No<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 53.3438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><b>No<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 108.156px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><b>Yes<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 50px;\"><td style=\"width: 208.438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Street vending<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 132.844px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><b>No<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 44.2188px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><b>No<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 53.3438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><b>No<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 108.156px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><b>Yes<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 50px;\"><td style=\"width: 208.438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Day laborers\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 132.844px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><b>No<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 44.2188px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><b>No<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 53.3438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><b>?<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 108.156px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 50px;\"><p><b>Yes<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 177px;\"><td style=\"width: 208.438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 177px;\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All other types of employment<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 132.844px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 177px;\"><p><b>Yes<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 44.2188px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 177px;\"><p><b>Yes<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 53.3438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 177px;\"><p><b>Yes<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 108.156px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 177px;\"><p><b>Yes, for the initial three months, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">before the coverage of SSF starts<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 78px;\"><td style=\"width: 208.438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 78px;\"><p><b>Documentation Status\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 132.844px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 78px;\"><p><b>LPA<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 44.2188px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 78px;\"><p><b>SSF<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 53.3438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 78px;\"><p><b>WCF<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 108.156px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 78px;\"><p><b>MHIS<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 145px;\"><td style=\"width: 208.438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 145px;\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Border Pass holders<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 132.844px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 145px;\"><p><b>Yes, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if their types of employment are not excluded as stated above<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 44.2188px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 145px;\"><p><b>Yes\u00a0<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 53.3438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 145px;\"><p><b>Yes<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 108.156px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 145px;\"><p><b>Yes<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 133px;\"><td style=\"width: 208.438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Undocumented\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 132.844px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><b>No<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 44.2188px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><b>No<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 53.3438px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><b>No<\/b><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 108.156px; border-style: solid; border-color: #bdbdbd; height: 133px;\"><p><b>Yes,<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by law but not possible in practice<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t                            <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"social-protection-programmes-in-countries-of-origin-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"social-protection-programmes-in-countries-of-origin-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t                                    \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"24298\" class=\"elementor elementor-24298\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1eddfa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1eddfa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6be175f\" data-id=\"6be175f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c09dfa5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c09dfa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The following articles draw from the report <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mekongmigration.org\/?p=12848\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Social Protection Across Borders: Roles of Mekong Countries of Origin in Protecting Migrants&#8217; Rights<\/a>, <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which examines the role of Mekong countries of origin in improving migrant workers\u2019 accesses to social protection programmes both at home and when abroad. As part of the study, MMN conducted research on the social protection programmes available in Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam &#8211; three major countries of origin in the Greater Mekong Subregion &#8211; and detailed the implications of these programmes for migrant workers. To understand more about the collaborative research project,\u00a0<\/span>please visit the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mekongmigration.org\/?page_id=12717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">main webpage<\/a> of the Roles of Countries of Origin project.<\/p><p>The information below was last updated in September 2019.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dd36a8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"5dd36a8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1571\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1571\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Cambodia<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1571\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1571\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The National Social Protection Policy Framework (NSSPF) 2016-2025, adopted in 2017, acknowledged that the coverage of Cambodia\u2019s social protection programmes remains limited, which leaves certain groups of the population without protection. [1]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Social protection programmes in Cambodia are currently in the developing stages, with schemes, such as health care (2016), only being established in recent years. In general, the NSSPF categorises current and future social protection programmes into two main entities: social assistance and social security. Social assistance predominantly targets those below or close to the poverty line with high vulnerability to crisis, infants, children, pregnant women, food-insecure residents, people with disabilities, and the elderly.[2]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Social assistance programmes facilitate access to emergency response, vocational training, human capital development, and welfare provision for low-income families.[3]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Different Cambodian departments are in charge of the implementation of social assistance provisions. The World Food Program assists with the implementation of a School Feeding Breakfast Program and also works with the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport in providing funding for primary school scholarships.[4]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Ministry of Economy and Finance works with the National Committee for Disaster Management in providing food supplies during disaster crises,[5]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the MOLVT oversees various skills training programmes.[6]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the NSSPF, social security is envisioned as an overarching protection mechanism for Cambodian residents, with five available schemes including pension, work injury, health care, disability services, and unemployment.\u00a0 The NSSF, which is \u201ctechnically under the MOLVT and financially under the Ministry of Economy and Finance\u201d[7],<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the governing body responsible for implementing social security schemes for persons under the provisions of the labour law.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Among its tasks, the NSSF\u2019s responsibilities include managing social security schemes established under the 2002 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law on the Social Security Schemes for Persons Defined by the provisions of the Labour Law <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(hereafter \u201cLaw on Social Security Schemes\u201d), collecting contributions from members and employers and making health care and social services available to its members.[8]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Implications of Social Security Schemes on Migrant Workers<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are currently no social security schemes available to outbound Cambodian migrant workers.[9]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The L<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">aw on the Social Security Schemes <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">covers workers under the scope of the labour law (not including those who are governed by the Common Statute for Civil Servants or by the Diplomatic Statute as well as officials who are temporarily appointed in the public service)[10]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and who \u201cperform work in the territory of the Kingdom of Cambodia for the benefit of an employer or employers\u201d.[11]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Under this requirement, outbound migrant workers are not eligible to participate in social security schemes established under the law. The Law on Social Security Schemes creates two schemes\u2013the work injury scheme and the pension scheme. The work injury scheme was created in 2008 [12]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and provides benefits for injuries sustained at work and during the commute to work, disabilities and occupational diseases.[13]<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Employers pay the full contribution at 0.8% of the worker\u2019s monthly salary.[14]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> As of the end of 2015, 1.2 million Cambodian workers have joined the scheme.[15]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (According to the World Bank, Cambodia\u2019s labour force in 2015 reached 8.6 million.)[16]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In August 2019, a new law reportedly implemented the pension scheme.[17]<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the Law on Social Security Schemes, the pension should include old age, invalidity and survivors\u2019 benefits.[18]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to the work injury and pension scheme, the Cambodian government created a health care scheme in 2016.[19]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The scheme provides coverage for those under the provision of the Law on Social Security Schemes.[20]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In 2017, the Cambodian government also expanded coverage to informal workers defined as a \u201cworker [who] signs an employment contract, which is not more than 8 (eight) hours a week, a part-time work, a casual work, or a seasonal work, and has been registered in the National Social Security Fund.\u201d[21]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The health care scheme provides medical care for non-occupational injuries and sickness and cash benefits for sickness and maternity.[22]<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beginning in January 2018, employers have to pay the full contribution, at 2.6% of the worker\u2019s monthly wage.[23]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the pension, work injury and health care schemes are currently not available to migrant workers, existing government policies create possibilities for outbound Cambodian migrant workers to access these schemes. For instance, the draft <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Policy on Labour Migration for Cambodia 2019-2023<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> plans to open up the NSSF membership to all migrant workers.[24]<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the NSSPF, the Cambodian government also plans to establish a universal pension scheme for all Cambodian citizens [25]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and enable voluntary participation in the pension scheme for those who currently fall out of the scope of the Law on Social Security Schemes.[26]<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regarding the healthcare scheme, the NSSPF contemplates expanding membership of the scheme beyond persons under the provisions of the labour law.[27]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In terms of disability services, the Disability Action Council is tasked with setting up the national strategy for people with disabilities regardless of the source or type, and the People with Disability Fund (PWDF) delivers rehabilitation, vocational training, and employment services to about 28,000 people annually.[28]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PWDF\u2019s website mentions that its services are open to any disabled Cambodian citizen regardless of occupation status,[29]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which may benefit migrant returnees who suffer from disabilities sustained from work abroad. In general, disability services are authorised by the Law on the Protection and Promotion of Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2009), which states that the State should allocate an annual budget to the elderly, the very impoverished, and the severely disabled.[30]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In August 2019, a new law with unemployment benefits has reportedly been passed.[31]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The NSSPF envisions that such a scheme will be applied to workers under the provisions of the labour law,[32]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> but first Cambodia intends to conduct a feasibility study that will involve \u201cconsiderable time and capacity\u201d and will depend on the country\u2019s \u201ceconomic development\u201d before they plan on putting an unemployment insurance scheme in place.[33]<\/span><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Migrant Welfare Fund and Portability of Social Security Benefits<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the draft Policy on Labour Migration for Cambodia 2019-2023, the Cambodian Government plans to roll out a pilot migrant welfare fund in select provinces with a high outbound migration rate.[34]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> There are also plans to hold dialogues with destination countries to discuss the portability of social protection benefits,[35]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and create an annex for the MOU with Thailand and Malaysia that ensures the portability of social protection benefits from the two destination countries to Cambodia.[36]<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Citations<br \/><\/strong>[1]\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Council of Ministers, Kingdom of Cambodia, \u201cNational Social Protection Policy Framework 2016-2025\u201d, 24 March 2017, p. xvi, accessible at <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/inndec.com\/library\/docs\/SPPF%20English%20-%20Final%20Ver.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/inndec.com\/library\/docs\/SPPF%20English%20-%20Final%20Ver.pdf<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><br \/>[2]\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ibid., p. 12.<\/span><br \/>[3]\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ibid., p. 9.<\/span><br \/>[4]\u00a0Ibid., p. 14.<br \/>[5]\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ibid<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, p. 12.<\/span><br \/>[6]\u00a0Ibid., p. 16.<br \/>[7]\u00a0Sub-decree concerning the Establishment of the National Social Security Fund, 2007, Article 1, unofficial translation accessible at http:\/\/www.nssf.gov.kh\/default\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Sub-Decree-16.pdf.\u00a0<br \/>[8]\u00a0Ibid., Article 3.<br \/>[9]\u00a0MMN Key Informant Interview with a representative of the DOEM under the MOLVT (July 2019).<br \/>[10]\u00a0Royal Kram concerning the Law on Social Security Schemes for Persons Defined by the Provisions of the Labour Law, 2002, Article 4, unofficial translation accessible at http:\/\/www.nssf.gov.kh\/default\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/NSSF-Law.pdf.<br \/>[11]\u00a0Ibid., Article 4.<br \/>[12]\u00a0See the webpage of the National Social Security Fund, the Royal Government of the Kingdom of Cambodia website entitled, \u201cEmployment Injury Scheme\u201d, accessible at http:\/\/www.nssf.gov.kh\/default\/employment-injury-scheme-2\/.<br \/>[13]\u00a0Royal Kram concerning the Law on Social Security Schemes for Persons Defined by the Provisions of the Labour Law, Article 15, above.<br \/>[14]\u00a0Prakas 449 On Determination of Contribution Rate and Formalities and Procedures of Contribution Payment for Social Security Schemes on Occupational Risk and Health Care for Persons Defined by the Provisions of the Labour Law, 2017, Article 4, unofficial translation accessible at http:\/\/www.nssf.gov.kh\/default\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/prkas-449.pdf.<br \/>[15]\u00a0Council of Ministers, Kingdom of Cambodia, \u201cNational Social Protection Policy Framework 2016-2025\u201d, p. 34.<br \/>[16]\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">See the webpage of the World Bank website entitled, \u201cLabour Force, Total (Cambodia)\u201d, accessible at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=KH\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=KH<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<br \/>[17]\u00a0Ry Sochan, \u201cBreaking: Council of Ministers passes NSSF draft law\u201d, Phnom Penh Post, 4 August 2019, accessible at https:\/\/www.phnompenhpost.com\/national\/breaking-council-ministers-passes-nssf-draft-law.\u00a0<br \/>[18]\u00a0Royal Kram concerning the Law on Social Security Schemes for Persons Defined by the Provisions of the Labour Law, 2002, Article 7.<br \/>[19]\u00a0See Sub-decree On Establishment of Social Security Scheme \u201cHealth Care Scheme\u201d For Persons Defined by the Provisions of the Labor law The Royal Government, 2016, unofficial translation accessible at https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/dyn\/natlex\/docs\/ELECTRONIC\/103419\/125607\/F-1229514826\/KHM103419%20Eng.pdf.\u00a0<br \/>[20]\u00a0Ibid., Article 7.<br \/>[21]\u00a0Prakas 404 on Implementation of Health Care Scheme Through Health Equity Fund System For Informal Workers and Provision of Additional Allowance for Female Workers When Delivery, 2017, Article 4, unofficial translation available at http:\/\/www.nssf.gov.kh\/default\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/404.17.pdf.<br \/>[22]\u00a0Prakas 184 on Revision of Articles 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, And 10 of Prakas No. 109 Lv\/prk., Dated 17 March 2016, On Health Care Benefits, 2018, Article 7, unofficial translation accessible at http:\/\/www.nssf.gov.kh\/default\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/404.17.pdf.<br \/>[23]\u00a0Prakas 449, Article 4.<br \/>[24]\u00a0The Royal Government of the Kingdom Cambodia, \u201cDraft Policy on Labour Migration for Cambodia 2019-2023 (Unofficial Translation)\u201d, p. 41 (Policy Goal 11.2).<br \/>[25]\u00a0Council of Ministers, Kingdom of Cambodia, \u201cNational Social Protection Policy Framework 2016-2025\u201d, p.23.<br \/>[26]\u00a0Ibid., p. 24.<br \/>[27]\u00a0Ibid., p. 33.<br \/>[28]\u00a0Ibid., p. 37.<br \/>[29]\u00a0See the webpage of the Persons with Disabilities Foundation website entitled,\u201cPRC\u2019s Services\u201d, 2016, accessible at http:\/\/pwdf.gov.kh\/index.php\/en\/ourservices\/prcservice.<br \/>[30]\u00a0Law on the Protection and Promotion of Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2009, Article 12, unofficial translation accessible at https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/dyn\/natlex\/docs\/ELECTRONIC\/86089\/96925\/F217191771\/KHM86089%20English.pdf.<br \/>[31]\u00a0Ry Sochan, \u201cBreaking: Council of Ministers passes NSSF draft law\u201d.<br \/>[32]\u00a0Council of Ministers, Kingdom of Cambodia, \u201cNational Social Protection Policy Framework 2016-2025\u201d, p.35.<br \/>[33]\u00a0Ibid., p.36.<br \/>[34]\u00a0The Royal Government of the Kingdom Cambodia, \u201cDraft Policy on Labour Migration for Cambodia 2019-2023\u201d, p.41 (Policy Goal 11.1).<br \/>[35]\u00a0Ibid., p.41 (Policy Goal 11.2).<br \/>[36]\u00a0Ibid., p.35 (Policy Goal 3.5).<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1572\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1572\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Myanmar<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1572\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1572\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overall Social Protection Framework\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Myanmar National Social Protection Strategic Plan<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, published in 2014, acknowledges that existing social protection programmes in the country remain limited.[1]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Currently, Myanmar\u2019s social protection framework encompasses a number of social services and contributory and non-contributory cash benefit programmes that are available to different sections of the population. These programmes include cash benefits to mothers who have multiple births with three or more new-borns,[2]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cash support to all primary school children,[3]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> social security for civil servants and formal workers that provides cash benefits for sickness, maternity, paternity, temporary or permanent disability, disasters and funerals,[4]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a non-contributory pension for civil or political service,[5]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a forthcoming contributory social security old-age pension scheme,[6]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and programmes that provide relief and recovery assistance during times of disaster.[7]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The strategic plan outlines eight further \u201cflagship programmes\u201d to implement in the future, namely (1) cash allowances for pregnant women and children up to age two; (2) gradual extension of this to older children; (3) cash allowance for people with disabilities; (4) school feeding programmes; (5) public employment and vocational education programmes; (6) social pension; (7) older person self-help groups; and (8) integrated social protection services.[8]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Among Myanmar\u2019s long-term goals, the government also hopes to provide universal health coverage by 2030.[9]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Currently, a cash allowance for expectant mothers and children is being piloted in Kayah and Kayin states and will gradually expand to other regions.[10]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> An old age pension for senior citizens was made available to those over the age of 85 from 2018.[11]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Social Protection Working Committee is responsible for the overall monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of Myanmar\u2019s social protection programmes.[12]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Committee is chaired by the Union Minister of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement and consists of representatives of government ministries, such as MOLIP, as well as non-governmental organisations.[13]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Technical Support Group provides technical advice to the Committee and has identified the said flagship programmes to expand Myanmar\u2019s social protection programmes.[14]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Social Security Systems established under the 2012 Social Security Law, in particular, are under the purview of the Social Security Board of the MOLIP. The Social Security Board (SSB) Executive Committee consists of officials from the MOLIP and other government organisations, as well as employer and worker representatives.[15]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> As of 2015, the SSB has established 77 township offices to cover about 30% of Myanmar\u2019s existing townships within all States and regions except Chin State.[16]<\/span><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Security System in Myanmar and Implications for Migrant Workers<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Social Security Law 2012 makes it possible for migrant workers to participate in Myanmar\u2019s social security on a voluntary basis. The law establishes six social security systems, of which only three are active:[17]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the Health and Social Care System, which provides medical care and cash benefits for sickness, maternity, paternity and funerals; Family Support Insurance System and the Employment Injury Benefit System, which provides cash benefits for injuries and deaths resulting from work. The other social security systems, such as the unemployment benefit system and the Invalidity, Superannuation and Survivors\u2019 Benefit System, have not been implemented.[18]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Registration is compulsory for establishments, subject to exceptions,[19]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with five or more workers.[20]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Under the Health and Social Care System, both employer and employee each contribute 2% of the employee\u2019s monthly wage if they are under 60, and 2.5% if over 60.[21]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> For the Employment Injury Benefit System, the employer pays 1-1.5% of the employee\u2019s monthly wage, depending on the number of employees who are receiving benefits under the system.[22]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Social Security Law 2012 stipulates that employees who do not work in establishments covered by the law may register on a voluntary basis, including \u201cpersons who are working abroad.\u201d[23]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Voluntary registration is currently available for migrant workers. Family members in Myanmar can help migrant workers enrol in the system and make contributions on migrants\u2019 behalf.[24]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Social Security Law does not specify the amount of contribution for voluntary registration, but separate <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Security Rules<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> published in 2014 mentions that already insured persons at a private establishment may continue to be voluntarily insured after leaving the establishment, provided that they declare a wage that is not less than the minimum wage and pay for both the employee and the employer\u2019s parts of the contribution.[25]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Any insured persons may also pay in a foreign currency if they earn wages in that foreign currency.[26]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Social Security Law or the Social Security Rules contain no provisions for the portability of social security benefits. In fact, the Social Security Law 2012 states that the Social Security Board may terminate sickness cash benefits if the insured person \u201cleaves the country for good&#8221;.[27]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A different part of the law also states that an insured person will lose unemployment benefits if the person is leaving the country \u201cfor good\u201d or going abroad to work.[28]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Social Security Rules also states that an insured person is \u201ctemporarily suspended from the application of the provisions of the Law\u201d if the person fails to pay contributions for 36 months consecutively.[29]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> However, if contributions are repaid after the person enters an establishment covered by the law or registers voluntarily, the person \u201cshall have the right to join with the contribution terms paid in the past\u201d.[30]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In theory, therefore, migrants who cease to pay contributions for more than 36 months may resume their membership in Myanmar\u2019s social security if they pay contributions again.<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Citations<\/strong><br \/>[1]\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0The Government of the Republic Union of Myanmar, \u201cMyanmar National Social Protection Strategic Plan\u201d, December 2014, p. 33, accessible at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.social-protection.org\/gimi\/gess\/RessourcePDF.action?ressource.ressourceId=50377\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.social-protection.org\/gimi\/gess\/RessourcePDF.action?ressource.ressourceId=50377<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<br \/><\/span>[2]\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ibid., p. 35.<br \/>[3]\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ibid.<br \/>[4]\u00a0Ibid., p. 38.<br \/>[5]\u00a0Ibid., p. 39.<br \/>[6]\u00a0Ibid., p. 40.<br \/>[7]\u00a0Ibid., pp. 41-42.<br \/>[8]\u00a0Ibid., p. 49.<br \/>[9]\u00a0Ibid., p. 67.<br \/>[10]\u00a0Myat Thura, \u201cMore Aid in the Works for Expectant Mothers\u201d, Myanmar Times, 11 June 2019, accessible at https:\/\/www.mmtimes.com\/news\/more-aid-works-expectant-mothers.html.<br \/>[11]\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Htike Nanda Win, \u201cGovernment to Lower Eligibility Age for Pension Payments to 85\u201d, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Myanmar Times, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">22 May 2018, accessible at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mmtimes.com\/news\/government-lower-eligibility-age-pension-payments-85.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.mmtimes.com\/news\/government-lower-eligibility-age-pension-payments-85.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<br \/><\/span>[12]\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Government of the Republic Union of Myanmar, \u201cMyanmar National Social Protection Strategic Plan\u201d, p. 47.<br \/>[13]\u00a0Ibid., pp. 45-46.<br \/>[14]\u00a0Ibid., p. 48.<br \/>[15]\u00a0Ibid., p. 61.<br \/>[16]\u00a0ILO, \u201cEvaluation of the operations of the Social Security Board, Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security of Myanmar\u201d, 2015, p. 3, accessible at https:\/\/www.social-protection.org\/gimi\/gess\/RessourcePDF.action?ressource.ressourceId=52057.<br \/>[17]\u00a0The Government of the Republic Union of Myanmar, \u201cMyanmar National Social Protection Strategic Plan\u201d, p. 61.<br \/>[18]\u00a0ILO, \u201cSocial Protection for Migrant Workers in ASEAN: Developments, Challenges, and Prospects\u201d, p. 64.<br \/>[19]\u00a0Exceptions contained in Social Security Law (2012), Article 12a, accessible at https:\/\/www.mol.gov.mm\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Social-Security-Law-2012-E.pdf.<br \/>[20]\u00a0ILO, \u201cILO Guide to Myanmar Labour Law\u201d, 2017, p. 25, accessible at https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/&#8212;asia\/&#8212;ro-bangkok\/&#8212;ilo-yangon\/documents\/publication\/wcms_577563.pdf.<br \/>[21]\u00a0Social Security Rules (2014), Article 55, accessible at http:\/\/www.mol.gov.mm\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/The-Social-Security-Rules-E.pdf.<br \/>[22]\u00a0Ibid., Article 58.<br \/>[23]\u00a0Social Security Law (2012), Article 20(c).<br \/>[24]\u00a0MMN Key Informant Interview with a representative of the MOLIP.<br \/>[25]\u00a0Social Security Rules (2014), Article 50(b).<br \/>[26]\u00a0Social Security Law (2012), Article 100.<br \/>[27] Ibid., Article 254(f).<br \/>[28]\u00a0Ibid., Article 40(e).<br \/>[29]\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Security Rules (2014), Article 53(a).<br \/>[30]\u00a0Ibid., Article 53(b).<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1573\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1573\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Vietnam<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1573\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1573\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aiming to better understand the experiences of migrant workers in destination countries and build knowledge on the migration governance policies and systems concerning migrants from the GMS, MMN conducted country visits to Singapore and Japan. In November 2018, MMN and representatives of Future Light Centre, Myanmar, and Foundation for Education and Development, Thailand, visited Singapore to meet with Transient Workers Count Too (TWC2), a migrant-support organisation Singapore, to discuss the challenges faced by domestic workers from Myanmar. TWC2 coordinated a visit to a Myanmar migrant community in Singapore, during which MMN members had the opportunity to learn about migrants\u2019 conditions and gather opinions on what roles the Myanmar government should play in supporting their nationals abroad,<\/span>\u00a0please read the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mekongmigration.org\/?p=9210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website report<\/a>.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In July 2019, MMN visited Tokyo, Japan, and had separate meetings with the Japan International Training Cooperation Organization, Vietnam Mutual Aid Association in Japan, and the Federation of Workers\u2019 Union of the Burmese Citizen in Japan, and paid a home visit to Cambodian migrant workers to deepen their understanding of the Technical Internship Training Program and migrants\u2019 conditions under the programme. These meetings provided valuable opportunities for the MMN research team to meet stakeholders and exchange and update information on the deployment of migrant workers to Japan. <\/span>To learn more about the country visit to Japan, please read the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mekongmigration.org\/?p=12837\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website report<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t                            <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12de6ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"12de6ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"KeyMilestone\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38da63f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"38da63f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key Milestone<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c219492 elementor-arrows-yes elementor-pagination-type-bullets elementor-review--has-separator elementor--star-style-star_fontawesome elementor-widget elementor-widget-reviews\" data-id=\"c219492\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_per_view&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_scroll&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:20,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;show_arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"reviews.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-main-swiper swiper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial elementor-repeater-item-3c4251f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-testimonial__header\" href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=24239\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/selected-001-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Migrant Consultation on Access to Social Security, Mae Sot, Thailand\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<cite class=\"elementor-testimonial__cite\"><span class=\"elementor-testimonial__name\">Migrant Consultation on Access to Social Security, Mae Sot, Thailand<\/span><span class=\"elementor-testimonial__title\">6 July 2025<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__icon elementor-icon elementor-icon-caret-right\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Read More<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOn 6 July 2025, the Mekong Migration Network (MMN), in collaboration with its members, the Foundation for Education and Development, MAP Foundation, Young Chi Oo Workers Association, and Arakan Workers Organisation organised a consultation with migrant workers in Mae Sot, Thailand. The event focused on enhancing migrants\u2019 knowledge of the Thai Social Security System (SSS) and provided an opportunity to ask questions and share concerns directly with staff from Mae Sot\u2019s Social Security Office (SSO).\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial elementor-repeater-item-0f459eb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-testimonial__header\" href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=21225\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/P1001671-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Migrant Consultation on Access to Social Security, Chiang Mai, Thailand\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<cite class=\"elementor-testimonial__cite\"><span class=\"elementor-testimonial__name\">Migrant Consultation on Access to Social Security, Chiang Mai, Thailand<\/span><span class=\"elementor-testimonial__title\">10 July 2022<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__icon elementor-icon elementor-icon-caret-right\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Read More<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOn 10 July 2022, the Mekong Migration Network (MMN) and MAP Foundation (MAP) jointly organised a consultation meeting in Chiang Mai to tackle the issue of improving migrant workers\u2019 access to Social Security in Thailand. The event provided a setting for migrant workers to share experiences, interact with representatives of the Social Security Office, and directly advocate for a more migrant-friendly Social Security System.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial elementor-repeater-item-8a85e39\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-testimonial__header\" href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=21292\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/P1012238-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Migrant Consultation on Access to Social Security, Samut Sakhon, Thailand\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<cite class=\"elementor-testimonial__cite\"><span class=\"elementor-testimonial__name\">Migrant Consultation on Access to Social Security, Samut Sakhon, Thailand<\/span><span class=\"elementor-testimonial__title\">7 August 2022<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__icon elementor-icon elementor-icon-caret-right\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Read More<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTo further enhance advocacy efforts for the social protection of migrant workers, the Mekong Migration Network (MMN), a sub-regional network of civil society organisations, organised a series of consultation meetings across Thailand on migrant workers\u2019 access to social security. On Sunday, 7 August 2022, the MMN Secretariat and MMN member Raks Thai Foundation jointly facilitated one such meeting in Samut Sakhon Province.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial elementor-repeater-item-92636a7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-testimonial__header\" href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=21259\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/P1012485-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Migrant Consultation on Access to Social Security, Mae Sot, Thailand\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<cite class=\"elementor-testimonial__cite\"><span class=\"elementor-testimonial__name\">Migrant Consultation on Access to Social Security, Mae Sot, Thailand<\/span><span class=\"elementor-testimonial__title\">14 August 2022<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__icon elementor-icon elementor-icon-caret-right\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Read More<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOn 14 August 2022, the Mekong Migrant Network (MMN) and MAP Foundation (MAP) jointly convened the third in our series of consultations on the issue of migrants\u2019 access to Social Security in Thailand. The daylong event took place in the border town of Mae Sot and provided a forum for migrant workers to share experiences, meet representatives of the Social Security Office, and directly advocate for a more migrant-friendly Social Security System. Thirty migrant workers from Myanmar (18 female and 12 male) attended the event, representing a broad range of employment sectors, including domestic work, manufacturing, and agriculture.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial elementor-repeater-item-20dcdc7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-testimonial__header\" href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=21248\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/P1011958-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Migrant Consultation on Access to Social Security, Phang Nga, Thailand\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<cite class=\"elementor-testimonial__cite\"><span class=\"elementor-testimonial__name\">Migrant Consultation on Access to Social Security, Phang Nga, Thailand<\/span><span class=\"elementor-testimonial__title\">18 July 2022<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__icon elementor-icon elementor-icon-caret-right\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Read More<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOn 18 July 2022, the Mekong Migration Network (MMN), in partnership with the Foundation for Education and Development (FED), organized the second in a series of consultations focusing on migrants\u2019 access to Social Security. The consultation, held in Phang Nga, Southern Thailand, was attended by 28 migrant workers (15 men and 13 women) from Myanmar working in various sectors, including construction, domestic work, and hospitality. It provided a forum for migrants to share their experiences, meet representatives of the Social Security Office, and directly advocate for better access to Social Security.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial elementor-repeater-item-dd0bc6a\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-testimonial__header\" href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=21392\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/P1034279-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Multi-stakeholder Workshop on Migrants\u2019 Access to Social Security\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<cite class=\"elementor-testimonial__cite\"><span class=\"elementor-testimonial__name\">Multi-stakeholder Workshop on Migrants\u2019 Access to Social Security<\/span><span class=\"elementor-testimonial__title\">15-16 December 2022<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__icon elementor-icon elementor-icon-caret-right\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Read More<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOn 15-16 December 2022, Mekong Migration Network (MMN), a network of Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) advocating for migrants\u2019 rights in the Mekong region, held a Multi-Stakeholder Workshop on Migrants\u2019 Access to Social Security at Ramada by Wyndham Bangkok, Thailand. Over 30 participants, including representatives of relevant ministries of the Thai and Cambodian governments, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), the International Labour Organization (ILO), migrant worker representatives, and other related stakeholders from Cambodia, Thailand, and Myanmar. The Workshop provides an opportunity for a wide-ranging discussion on the challenges migrants face accessing Thailand\u2019s Social Security System.\n\nClick the title to read the report.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Previous<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Next<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d5b867 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"5d5b867\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Initiatives\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be3eb68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"be3eb68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related Initiatives<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef38b39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"ef38b39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2501\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2501\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Roles of Countries of Origin (ROCO) 2017-2024<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2501\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2501\"><p>MMN&#8217;s Roles of Countries of Origin (ROCO) Project places great emphasis on migrants&#8217; access to social protection. For more information about the ROCO project, please <a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?page_id=464\">click here<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2502\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2502\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Beyond 'Tolerance': Working Hand-in-Hand to Promote the Social Inclusion of Migrants and Their Families<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2502\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2502\"><p class=\"p1\">In November 2015, MMN commenced a project entitled, Beyond \u2018Tolerance\u2019: Working Hand-in-Hand to Promote the Social Inclusion of Migrants and their Families, supported by the Toyota Foundation. The project was part of MMN\u2019s long-term efforts to promote social cohesion in the region&#8230;<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?page_id=13389\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Learn More<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2503\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2503\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Research on Migrant Women's Access to Healthcare<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2503\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2503\"><p class=\"p1\">Inflexible healthcare systems in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) often exclude people who are not living in their hometown, who do not have documentation, and\/or who have not contributed to a healthcare scheme. Due to these exclusions and other factors, migrant women often lack access to healthcare and treatment, rendering them vulnerable in times of ill health&#8230;<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?page_id=13558\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Learn More<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2504\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2504\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">From Our Eyes: Migrant Reflection<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2504\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2504\"><p class=\"p1\">The idea for\u00a0<em>From our Eyes: Migrant Reflection<\/em>\u00a0was born at the workshop on\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mekongmigration.org\/?p=7009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Migration Trends and Responses in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) and Beyond,<\/a> \u00a0held on 31 August 2010 in Chiang Mai, and co-organised by MMN, MAP Foundation, and the Asian Migrant Centre&#8230;<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?page_id=14260\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Learn More<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c30c9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"7c30c9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Publications\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8235ca2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8235ca2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Publications<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6955ef2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-lae-portfolio\" data-id=\"6955ef2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;per_line&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;per_line_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;per_line_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"lae-portfolio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"lae-portfolio-wrap lae-gapless-grid\"><div id=\"lae-portfolio-6a73a1b80e9c5\" class=\"lae-portfolio js-isotope lae-fitRows lae-grid-container lae-classic-skin lae-grid-desktop-4 lae-grid-tablet-2 lae-grid-mobile-1\" data-isotope-options='{ \"itemSelector\": \".lae-portfolio-item\", \"layoutMode\": \"fitRows\", \"originLeft\": true}'><div data-id=\"id-24194\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-121 term-171 term-167 term-158 term-108 term-166 term-168 term-162\"><article id=\"post-24194\" class=\"post-24194 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-english-publications category-fishery category-labour-rights category-migrants-in-agriculture category-publications category-regularisation category-social-inclusion category-social-protection-publications-by-theme entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=24194\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"1811\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Migrants-Safety-at-Work_Cover-scaled.jpg\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Migrants Safety at Work_Cover\" title=\"Migrants Safety at Work_Cover\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Migrants-Safety-at-Work_Cover-scaled.jpg 1811w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Migrants-Safety-at-Work_Cover-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Migrants-Safety-at-Work_Cover-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Migrants-Safety-at-Work_Cover-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Migrants-Safety-at-Work_Cover-1086x1536.jpg 1086w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Migrants-Safety-at-Work_Cover-1448x2048.jpg 1448w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1811px) 100vw, 1811px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=24194\" title=\"Migrants\u2019 Safety at Work in ASEAN\" rel=\"bookmark\">Migrants\u2019 Safety at Work in ASEAN<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-24239\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-106 term-128 term-162\"><article id=\"post-24239\" class=\"post-24239 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-mmn-updates category-social-protection category-social-protection-publications-by-theme entry\"><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-24309\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-121 term-105 term-106 term-108 term-162\"><article id=\"post-24309\" class=\"post-24309 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-english-publications category-mmn-related category-mmn-updates category-publications category-social-protection-publications-by-theme entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=24309\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"448\" height=\"604\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-22-102459.png\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Screenshot 2025-10-22 102459\" title=\"Screenshot 2025-10-22 102459\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-22-102459.png 448w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-22-102459-223x300.png 223w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=24309\" title=\"Proceedings of Migrant Consultation on Access to Social Security\" rel=\"bookmark\">Proceedings of Migrant Consultation on Access to Social Security<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-23423\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-121 term-105 term-106 term-108 term-160 term-159 term-162\"><article id=\"post-23423\" class=\"post-23423 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-english-publications category-mmn-related category-mmn-updates category-publications category-roco category-roles-of-countries-of-origin-phase-iii category-social-protection-publications-by-theme entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=23423\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"449\" height=\"626\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ROCOs-proceedings-.png\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"ROCO&#8217;s proceedings\" title=\"ROCO&#039;s proceedings\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ROCOs-proceedings-.png 449w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ROCOs-proceedings--215x300.png 215w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=23423\" title=\"Proceedings of the Third Policy Dialogue on the Roles of Countries of Origin in Supporting Migrants\u2019 Access to Social Security\" rel=\"bookmark\">Proceedings of the Third Policy Dialogue on the Roles of Countries of Origin in Supporting Migrants\u2019 Access to Social Security<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-23231\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-121 term-105 term-106 term-108 term-160 term-159 term-162 term-128\"><article id=\"post-23231\" class=\"post-23231 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-english-publications category-mmn-related category-mmn-updates category-publications category-roco category-roles-of-countries-of-origin-phase-iii category-social-protection-publications-by-theme category-social-protection entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=23231\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"452\" height=\"643\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/442659419_1590071175112575_8714024761222888589_n.png\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"442659419_1590071175112575_8714024761222888589_n\" title=\"442659419_1590071175112575_8714024761222888589_n\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/442659419_1590071175112575_8714024761222888589_n.png 452w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/442659419_1590071175112575_8714024761222888589_n-211x300.png 211w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=23231\" title=\"NAVIGATING SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS: The Roles of Mekong Countries of Origin in Supporting Migrant Workers in Thailand and Japan\" rel=\"bookmark\">NAVIGATING SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS: The Roles of Mekong Countries of Origin in Supporting Migrant Workers in Thailand and Japan<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-21392\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-121 term-105 term-106 term-162\"><article id=\"post-21392\" class=\"post-21392 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-english-publications category-mmn-related category-mmn-updates category-social-protection-publications-by-theme entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=21392\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"1241\" height=\"1755\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Proceedings-of-the-Multi-stakeholder-Workshop-on-Migrants-Access-to-Social-Security_Cover_page-0001.jpg\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Proceedings of the Multi-stakeholder Workshop on Migrants Access to Social Security_Cover_page-0001\" title=\"Proceedings of the Multi-stakeholder Workshop on Migrants Access to Social Security_Cover_page-0001\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Proceedings-of-the-Multi-stakeholder-Workshop-on-Migrants-Access-to-Social-Security_Cover_page-0001.jpg 1241w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Proceedings-of-the-Multi-stakeholder-Workshop-on-Migrants-Access-to-Social-Security_Cover_page-0001-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Proceedings-of-the-Multi-stakeholder-Workshop-on-Migrants-Access-to-Social-Security_Cover_page-0001-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Proceedings-of-the-Multi-stakeholder-Workshop-on-Migrants-Access-to-Social-Security_Cover_page-0001-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Proceedings-of-the-Multi-stakeholder-Workshop-on-Migrants-Access-to-Social-Security_Cover_page-0001-1086x1536.jpg 1086w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1241px) 100vw, 1241px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=21392\" title=\"Proceedings of the Multi-stakeholder Workshop on Migrants&#8217; Access to Social Security\" rel=\"bookmark\">Proceedings of the Multi-stakeholder Workshop on Migrants&#8217; Access to Social Security<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-21583\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-121 term-105 term-106 term-108 term-160 term-159 term-162\"><article id=\"post-21583\" class=\"post-21583 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-english-publications category-mmn-related category-mmn-updates category-publications category-roco category-roles-of-countries-of-origin-phase-iii category-social-protection-publications-by-theme entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=21583\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"1241\" height=\"1755\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Mekong-to-Japan-Proceeding-Cover_page-0001.jpg\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Mekong to Japan Proceeding Cover_page-0001\" title=\"Mekong to Japan Proceeding Cover_page-0001\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Mekong-to-Japan-Proceeding-Cover_page-0001.jpg 1241w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Mekong-to-Japan-Proceeding-Cover_page-0001-212x300.jpg 212w, 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term-159 term-162 term-110\"><article id=\"post-20119\" class=\"post-20119 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-burmese-publications category-covid category-english-publications category-mmn-updates category-publications category-roles-of-countries-of-origin-phase-iii category-social-protection-publications-by-theme category-thai-publications entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=20119\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"1233\" height=\"1752\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Book-Cover_Report-Surviving-the-Pandemic.jpg\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Book Cover_Report Surviving the Pandemic\" title=\"Book Cover_Report Surviving the Pandemic\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Book-Cover_Report-Surviving-the-Pandemic.jpg 1233w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Book-Cover_Report-Surviving-the-Pandemic-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Book-Cover_Report-Surviving-the-Pandemic-721x1024.jpg 721w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Book-Cover_Report-Surviving-the-Pandemic-768x1091.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Book-Cover_Report-Surviving-the-Pandemic-1081x1536.jpg 1081w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1233px) 100vw, 1233px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=20119\" title=\"Surviving the Pandemic: To Stay or Go? A Study into the Decision-making of Mekong Migrants\" rel=\"bookmark\">Surviving the Pandemic: To Stay or Go? A Study into the Decision-making of Mekong Migrants<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-18732\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-170 term-108 term-162 term-110\"><article id=\"post-18732\" class=\"post-18732 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-covid category-publications category-social-protection-publications-by-theme category-thai-publications entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=18732\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"1067\" height=\"761\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/poster-booklet-Thai.png\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"poster booklet Thai\" title=\"poster booklet Thai\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/poster-booklet-Thai.png 1067w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/poster-booklet-Thai-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/poster-booklet-Thai-1024x730.png 1024w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/poster-booklet-Thai-768x548.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=18732\" title=\"\u0e1f\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1f\u0e39\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e41\u0e19\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19: \u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e21\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e42\u0e02\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e25\u0e32\u0e07\u0e27\u0e34\u0e01\u0e24\u0e15\u0e42\u0e04\u0e27\u0e34\u0e14 19\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u0e1f\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1f\u0e39\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e41\u0e19\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19: \u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e21\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e42\u0e02\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e25\u0e32\u0e07\u0e27\u0e34\u0e01\u0e24\u0e15\u0e42\u0e04\u0e27\u0e34\u0e14 19<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-18662\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-170 term-156 term-121 term-108 term-128 term-162\"><article id=\"post-18662\" class=\"post-18662 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-covid category-covid-19 category-english-publications category-publications category-social-protection category-social-protection-publications-by-theme entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=18662\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"1106\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cover-booklet.png\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Resilence &#038; Uncertainty Booklet\" title=\"Resilence &amp; Uncertainty Booklet\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cover-booklet.png 1106w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cover-booklet-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cover-booklet-1024x711.png 1024w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cover-booklet-768x533.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1106px) 100vw, 1106px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=18662\" title=\"Resilience &#038; Uncertainty: Mekong Migrant Workers amid the Pandemic Downturn\" rel=\"bookmark\">Resilience &#038; Uncertainty: Mekong Migrant Workers amid the Pandemic Downturn<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-17751\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-121 term-108 term-160 term-159 term-162\"><article id=\"post-17751\" class=\"post-17751 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-english-publications category-publications category-roco category-roles-of-countries-of-origin-phase-iii category-social-protection-publications-by-theme entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=17751\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"3300\" height=\"4672\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Proceedings-of-the-Second-Policy-Dialogue-3.jpg\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Proceedings of the Second Policy Dialogue (3)\" title=\"Proceedings of the Second Policy Dialogue (3)\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Proceedings-of-the-Second-Policy-Dialogue-3.jpg 3300w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Proceedings-of-the-Second-Policy-Dialogue-3-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Proceedings-of-the-Second-Policy-Dialogue-3-768x1087.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Proceedings-of-the-Second-Policy-Dialogue-3-723x1024.jpg 723w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3300px) 100vw, 3300px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=17751\" title=\"Proceedings of the Second Policy Dialogue of the Roles of Countries of Origin\" rel=\"bookmark\">Proceedings of the Second Policy Dialogue of the Roles of Countries of Origin<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-12848\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-121 term-108 term-160 term-162\"><article id=\"post-12848\" class=\"post-12848 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-english-publications category-publications category-roco category-social-protection-publications-by-theme entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=12848\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"1234\" height=\"1752\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Cover-2.jpg\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Cover 2\" title=\"Cover 2\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Cover-2.jpg 1234w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Cover-2-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Cover-2-721x1024.jpg 721w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Cover-2-768x1090.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Cover-2-1082x1536.jpg 1082w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1234px) 100vw, 1234px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=12848\" title=\"Social Protection Across Borders: Roles of Mekong Countries of Origin in Protecting Migrants\u2019 Rights (2019)\" rel=\"bookmark\">Social Protection Across Borders: Roles of Mekong Countries of Origin in Protecting Migrants\u2019 Rights (2019)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-13847\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-118 term-121 term-122 term-108 term-153 term-160 term-162 term-114\"><article id=\"post-13847\" class=\"post-13847 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-burmese-publications category-english-publications category-khmer-publications category-publications category-publications_other-languages category-roco category-social-protection-publications-by-theme category-vietnam-publications entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=13847\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"212\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Policy-Brief_English-Proof3-2-212x300-1.jpg\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Policy-Brief_English-Proof3-2-212&#215;300\" title=\"Policy-Brief_English-Proof3-2-212x300\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=13847\" title=\"Policy Brief of \u201cSocial Protection Across Borders\u201d (2019)\" rel=\"bookmark\">Policy Brief of \u201cSocial Protection Across Borders\u201d (2019)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-11695\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-121 term-108 term-160 term-162\"><article id=\"post-11695\" class=\"post-11695 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-english-publications category-publications category-roco category-social-protection-publications-by-theme entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=11695\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"212\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/RoCoOPolicyDialogueProceedings-1-212x300-1.jpg\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"RoCoOPolicyDialogueProceedings-1-212&#215;300\" title=\"RoCoOPolicyDialogueProceedings-1-212x300\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=11695\" title=\"Proceedings of the Policy Dialogue on Roles of Countries of Origin (2017)\" rel=\"bookmark\">Proceedings of the Policy Dialogue on Roles of Countries of Origin (2017)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-11047\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-118 term-121 term-122 term-108 term-160 term-162\"><article id=\"post-11047\" class=\"post-11047 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-burmese-publications category-english-publications category-khmer-publications category-publications category-roco category-social-protection-publications-by-theme entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=11047\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"1233\" height=\"1752\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Safe-from-the-Start_English.jpg\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Safe-from-the-Start_English\" title=\"Safe-from-the-Start_English\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Safe-from-the-Start_English.jpg 1233w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Safe-from-the-Start_English-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Safe-from-the-Start_English-721x1024.jpg 721w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Safe-from-the-Start_English-768x1091.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Safe-from-the-Start_English-1081x1536.jpg 1081w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1233px) 100vw, 1233px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=11047\" title=\"Safe from the Start: The Roles of Countries of Origin in Protecting Migrants\u00a0(2017)\" rel=\"bookmark\">Safe from the Start: The Roles of Countries of Origin in Protecting Migrants\u00a0(2017)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-11770\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-118 term-121 term-122 term-108 term-168 term-128 term-162\"><article id=\"post-11770\" class=\"post-11770 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-burmese-publications category-english-publications category-khmer-publications category-publications category-social-inclusion category-social-protection category-social-protection-publications-by-theme entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=11770\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"1239\" height=\"1753\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Permanently-Temporary-Eng-mmn-printed-version.jpg\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Permanently-Temporary-Eng-mmn-printed-version\" title=\"Permanently-Temporary-Eng-mmn-printed-version\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Permanently-Temporary-Eng-mmn-printed-version.jpg 1239w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Permanently-Temporary-Eng-mmn-printed-version-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Permanently-Temporary-Eng-mmn-printed-version-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Permanently-Temporary-Eng-mmn-printed-version-768x1087.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Permanently-Temporary-Eng-mmn-printed-version-1086x1536.jpg 1086w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1239px) 100vw, 1239px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=11770\" title=\"Permanently Temporary: Examining the Impact of Social Exclusion on Mekong Migrants (2015)\" rel=\"bookmark\">Permanently Temporary: Examining the Impact of Social Exclusion on Mekong Migrants (2015)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-11767\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-118 term-121 term-122 term-108 term-153 term-162 term-128 term-110 term-114\"><article id=\"post-11767\" class=\"post-11767 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-burmese-publications category-english-publications category-khmer-publications category-publications category-publications_other-languages category-social-protection-publications-by-theme category-social-protection category-thai-publications category-vietnam-publications entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=11767\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"724\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/cover1-724x1024-1.jpg\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"cover1-724&#215;1024\" title=\"cover1-724x1024\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/cover1-724x1024-1.jpg 724w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/cover1-724x1024-1-212x300.jpg 212w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=11767\" title=\"Self-Care &#038; Health Care: How Migrant Women in the Greater Mekong Subregion Take Care of their Health (2014)\" rel=\"bookmark\">Self-Care &#038; Health Care: How Migrant Women in the Greater Mekong Subregion Take Care of their Health (2014)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-11747\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-121 term-108 term-162 term-128\"><article id=\"post-11747\" class=\"post-11747 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-english-publications category-publications category-social-protection-publications-by-theme category-social-protection entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=11747\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"1240\" height=\"1754\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/ICAAP-Briefing.jpg\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"ICAAP Briefing\" title=\"ICAAP Briefing\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/ICAAP-Briefing.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/ICAAP-Briefing-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/ICAAP-Briefing-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/ICAAP-Briefing-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/ICAAP-Briefing-1086x1536.jpg 1086w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=11747\" title=\"Health Access for Migrants from the Mekong Neighbourhood: With or Without Borders? (2013)\" rel=\"bookmark\">Health Access for Migrants from the Mekong Neighbourhood: With or Without Borders? (2013)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><div data-id=\"id-11732\" class=\"lae-grid-item lae-portfolio-item  term-161 term-165 term-121 term-171 term-167 term-158 term-108 term-166 term-168 term-162\"><article id=\"post-11732\" class=\"post-11732 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-contextual-analysis category-criminalisation category-english-publications category-fishery category-labour-rights category-migrants-in-agriculture category-publications category-regularisation category-social-inclusion category-social-protection-publications-by-theme entry has-media\"><div class=\"lae-project-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=11732\"\u030c\u030c><img width=\"861\" height=\"1239\" src=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/final-printed-version_from-our-eyes.jpg\" class=\"lae-image skip-lazy no-lazyload exclude-me a3-notlazy attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"final printed version_from our eyes\" title=\"final printed version_from our eyes\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/final-printed-version_from-our-eyes.jpg 861w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/final-printed-version_from-our-eyes-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/final-printed-version_from-our-eyes-712x1024.jpg 712w, https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/final-printed-version_from-our-eyes-768x1105.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 861px) 100vw, 861px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lae-image-info\"><div class=\"lae-entry-info\"><h3 class=\"lae-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?p=11732\" title=\"From Our Eyes: Mekong Migrant Reflection 2000\u20132012 (2012)\" rel=\"bookmark\">From Our Eyes: Mekong Migrant Reflection 2000\u20132012 (2012)<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-image-info --><\/div><\/article><!-- .hentry --><\/div><\/div><!-- .lae-portfolio --><\/div><!-- .lae-portfolio-wrap -->\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-995e2ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"995e2ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Resources\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bfa2bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1bfa2bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Resource Hub<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c79ddd0 elementor-cta--layout-image-left elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"c79ddd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/P1011958-1024x577.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"P1011958\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVideo Highlights of Consultation on Migrants' Access to Social Security\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__description elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWatch the video highlights of a series of consultations with migrants on access to social security.<br>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?page_id=21062\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tClick Here\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6420887 elementor-cta--layout-image-left elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"6420887\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/THAI0370-scaled-1-1024x683.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"THAI0370\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSocial Protection Programmes in Countries of Origin\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__description elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRead about existing social security systems applicable to migrants in countries of origin in the region. <br><br><br>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mekongmigration.org\/?page_id=13442\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tClick Here\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54ab563 elementor-cta--layout-image-left elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"54ab563\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-25-at-5.09.42-PM-copy-1024x410.png);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Screen Shot 2018-12-25 at 5.09.42 PM copy\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSocial Protection Applicable to Migrants in Destination Countries\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__description elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRead about the various types of social protection programmes that are applicable to migrant workers in Thailand, Japan, and Singapore.<br>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mekongmigration.org\/?page_id=13747\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tClick Here\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2feb41 elementor-cta--layout-image-left elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"d2feb41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/ICAAP-Briefing-724x1024.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"ICAAP Briefing\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHealthcare for Migrants Living with HIV\/AIDS in the GMS\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__description elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRead this policy brief published in 2016 on the state of health care for migrants living with HIV\/AIDS in the Greater Mekong Subregion.<br><br> \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mekongmigration.org\/?p=11747\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tClick Here\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Social Protection\u200b Overview Key Milestone Related Initiatives Publications Resource Hub Overview Social Protection Programs in Thailand Social Protection Programmes in Countries of Origin Migrant workers from countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) remain insufficiently protected in terms of their life cycle needs. Impediments accessing social protection schemes, as well as the cross-border nature of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":131,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"ocean_post_layout":"full-screen","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"custom","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"15950","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-472","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Social Protection &#060; Mekong Migration Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mekongmigration.org\/?page_id=472\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Social Protection &#060; Mekong Migration Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Social Protection\u200b Overview Key Milestone Related Initiatives Publications Resource Hub Overview Social Protection Programs in Thailand Social Protection Programmes in Countries of Origin Migrant workers from countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) remain insufficiently protected in terms of their life cycle needs. 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